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| 返回指定的path文件的访问和修改的时间。 | |
| 62 | os.walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]]) 输出在文件夹中的文件名通过在树中游走，向上或者向下。 |
| 63 | os.write(fd, str) 写入字符串到文件描述符 fd中. 返回实际写入的字符串长度 |
| 64 | os.path 模块 获取文件的属性信息。 |
| 65 | os.pardir() 获取当前目录的父目录，以字符串形式显示目录名。 |
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<h1>Python3 OS 文件/目录方法</h1>
<p><b>os</b> 模块提供了非常丰富的方法用来处理文件和目录。常用的方法如下表所示：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序号</th><th>方法及描述</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-access.html">os.access(path, mode)</a></p><br>检验权限模式 </td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-chdir.html">os.chdir(path)</a></p><br>改变当前工作目录</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-chflags.html">os.chflags(path, flags)</a></p><br>设置路径的标记为数字标记。</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-chmod.html">os.chmod(path, mode)</a></p><br>更改权限 </td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-chown.html">os.chown(path, uid, gid)</a></p><br>更改文件所有者</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-chroot.html">os.chroot(path)</a></p><br>改变当前进程的根目录 </td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-close.html">os.close(fd)</a></p><br>关闭文件描述符 fd</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-closerange.html">os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)</a></p><br>关闭所有文件描述符，从 fd_low (包含) 到 fd_high (不包含), 错误会忽略</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-dup.html">os.dup(fd)</a></p><br>复制文件描述符 fd</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-dup2.html">os.dup2(fd, fd2)</a></p><br>将一个文件描述符 fd 复制到另一个 fd2</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fchdir.html">os.fchdir(fd)</a></p><br>通过文件描述符改变当前工作目录</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fchmod.html">os.fchmod(fd, mode)</a></p><br>改变一个文件的访问权限，该文件由参数fd指定，参数mode是Unix下的文件访问权限。</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fchown.html">os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)</a></p><br>修改一个文件的所有权，这个函数修改一个文件的用户ID和用户组ID，该文件由文件描述符fd指定。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fdatasync.html">os.fdatasync(fd)</a></p><br>强制将文件写入磁盘，该文件由文件描述符fd指定，但是不强制更新文件的状态信息。</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fdopen.html">os.fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]])</a></p><br>通过文件描述符 fd 创建一个文件对象，并返回这个文件对象 </td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fpathconf.html">os.fpathconf(fd, name)</a></p><br>返回一个打开的文件的系统配置信息。name为检索的系统配置的值，它也许是一个定义系统值的字符串，这些名字在很多标准中指定（POSIX.1, Unix 95, Unix 98, 和其它）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fstat.html">os.fstat(fd)</a></p><br>返回文件描述符fd的状态，像stat()。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fstatvfs.html">os.fstatvfs(fd)</a></p><br>返回包含文件描述符fd的文件的文件系统的信息，Python 3.3 相等于 statvfs()。</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-fsync.html">os.fsync(fd)</a></p><br>强制将文件描述符为fd的文件写入硬盘。</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-ftruncate.html">os.ftruncate(fd, length)</a></p><br>裁剪文件描述符fd对应的文件, 所以它最大不能超过文件大小。</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-getcwd.html">os.getcwd()</a></p><br>返回当前工作目录 </td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-getcwdb.html">os.getcwdb()</a></p><br>返回一个当前工作目录的Unicode对象</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-isatty.html">os.isatty(fd)</a></p><br>如果文件描述符fd是打开的，同时与tty(-like)设备相连，则返回true, 否则False。</td></tr>
<tr><td>24</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-lchflags.html">os.lchflags(path, flags)</a></p><br>设置路径的标记为数字标记，类似 chflags()，但是没有软链接</td></tr>
<tr><td>25</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-lchmod.html">os.lchmod(path, mode)</a></p><br>修改连接文件权限</td></tr>
<tr><td>26</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-lchown.html">os.lchown(path, uid, gid)</a></p><br>更改文件所有者，类似 chown，但是不追踪链接。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>27</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-link.html">os.link(src, dst)</a></p><br>创建硬链接，名为参数 dst，指向参数 src</td></tr>
<tr><td>28</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-listdir.html">os.listdir(path)</a></p><br>返回path指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字的列表。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>29</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-lseek.html">os.lseek(fd, pos, how)</a></p><br>设置文件描述符 fd当前位置为pos, how方式修改: SEEK_SET 或者 0 设置从文件开始的计算的pos; SEEK_CUR或者 1 则从当前位置计算; os.SEEK_END或者2则从文件尾部开始. 在unix，Windows中有效</td></tr>
<tr><td>30</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-lstat.html">os.lstat(path)</a></p><br>像stat(),但是没有软链接 </td></tr>
<tr><td>31</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-major.html">os.major(device)</a></p><br>从原始的设备号中提取设备major号码 (使用stat中的st_dev或者st_rdev field)。</td></tr>
<tr><td>32</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-makedev.html">os.makedev(major, minor)</a></p><br>以major和minor设备号组成一个原始设备号</td></tr>
<tr><td>33</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-makedirs.html">os.makedirs(path[, mode])</a></p><br>递归文件夹创建函数。像mkdir(), 但创建的所有intermediate-level文件夹需要包含子文件夹。</td></tr>
<tr><td>34</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-minor.html">os.minor(device)</a></p><br>从原始的设备号中提取设备minor号码 (使用stat中的st_dev或者st_rdev field )。</td></tr>
<tr><td>35</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-mkdir.html">os.mkdir(path[, mode])</a></p><br>以数字mode的mode创建一个名为path的文件夹.默认的 mode 是 0777 (八进制)。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>36</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-mkfifo.html">os.mkfifo(path[, mode])</a></p><br>创建命名管道，mode 为数字，默认为 0666 (八进制) </td></tr>
<tr><td>37</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-mknod.html">os.mknod(filename[, mode=0600, device])</a><br>创建一个名为filename文件系统节点（文件，设备特别文件或者命名pipe）。</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>38</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-open.html">os.open(file, flags[, mode])</a></p><br>打开一个文件，并且设置需要的打开选项，mode参数是可选的</td></tr>
<tr><td>39</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-openpty.html">os.openpty()</a></p><br>打开一个新的伪终端对。返回 pty 和 tty的文件描述符。</td></tr>
<tr><td>40</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-pathconf.html">os.pathconf(path, name)</a></p><br>
返回相关文件的系统配置信息。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>41</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-pipe.html">os.pipe()</a></p><br>创建一个管道. 返回一对文件描述符(r, w) 分别为读和写</td></tr>
<tr><td>42</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-popen.html">os.popen(command[, mode[, bufsize]])</a></p><br>从一个 command 打开一个管道</td></tr>
<tr><td>43</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-read.html">os.read(fd, n)</a></p><br>从文件描述符 fd 中读取最多 n 个字节，返回包含读取字节的字符串，文件描述符 fd对应文件已达到结尾, 返回一个空字符串。</td></tr>
<tr><td>44</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-readlink.html">os.readlink(path)</a></p><br>返回软链接所指向的文件 </td></tr>
<tr><td>45</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-remove.html">os.remove(path)</a></p><br>删除路径为path的文件。如果path 是一个文件夹，将抛出OSError; 查看下面的rmdir()删除一个 directory。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>46</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-removedirs.html">os.removedirs(path)</a></p><br>递归删除目录。</td></tr>
<tr><td>47</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-rename.html">os.rename(src, dst)</a></p><br>重命名文件或目录，从 src 到 dst</td></tr>
<tr><td>48</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-renames.html">os.renames(old, new)</a></p><br>递归地对目录进行更名，也可以对文件进行更名。</td></tr>
<tr><td>49</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-rmdir.html">os.rmdir(path)</a></p><br>删除path指定的空目录，如果目录非空，则抛出一个OSError异常。</td></tr>
<tr><td>50</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-stat.html">os.stat(path)</a></p><br>获取path指定的路径的信息，功能等同于C API中的stat()系统调用。</td></tr>
<tr><td>51</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-stat_float_times.html">os.stat_float_times([newvalue])</a><br>决定stat_result是否以float对象显示时间戳</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>52</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-statvfs.html">os.statvfs(path)</a></p><br>获取指定路径的文件系统统计信息</td></tr>
<tr><td>53</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-symlink.html">os.symlink(src, dst)</a></p><br>创建一个软链接</td></tr>
<tr><td>54</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-tcgetpgrp.html">os.tcgetpgrp(fd)</a></p><br>返回与终端fd（一个由os.open()返回的打开的文件描述符）关联的进程组 </td></tr>
<tr><td>55</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-tcsetpgrp.html">os.tcsetpgrp(fd, pg)</a></p><br>设置与终端fd（一个由os.open()返回的打开的文件描述符）关联的进程组为pg。</td></tr>
<tr><td>56</td><td><p>os.tempnam([dir[, prefix]])</p><br><strong style="color:red">Python3 中已删除。</strong>返回唯一的路径名用于创建临时文件。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>57</td><td><p>os.tmpfile()</p><br><strong style="color:red">Python3 中已删除。</strong>返回一个打开的模式为(w+b)的文件对象 .这文件对象没有文件夹入口，没有文件描述符，将会自动删除。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>58</td><td><p>os.tmpnam()</p><br><strong style="color:red">Python3 中已删除。</strong>为创建一个临时文件返回一个唯一的路径</td></tr>
<tr><td>59</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-ttyname.html">os.ttyname(fd)</a></p><br>返回一个字符串，它表示与文件描述符fd 关联的终端设备。如果fd 没有与终端设备关联，则引发一个异常。</td></tr>
<tr><td>60</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-unlink.html">os.unlink(path)</a></p><br>删除文件路径 </td></tr>
<tr><td>61</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-utime.html">os.utime(path, times)</a></p><br>返回指定的path文件的访问和修改的时间。 </td></tr>
<tr><td>62</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-walk.html">os.walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]])</a></p><br>输出在文件夹中的文件名通过在树中游走，向上或者向下。</td></tr>
<tr><td>63</td><td><p><a href="/python3/python3-os-write.html">os.write(fd, str)</a></p><br>写入字符串到文件描述符 fd中. 返回实际写入的字符串长度</td></tr>
<tr><td>64</td><td><p><a href="/python/os-write.html"></a><a href="/python3/python3-os-path.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">os.path 模块</a></p><br>获取文件的属性信息。</td></tr>
<tr><td>65</td><td><p><a href="/python/os-write.html"></a><a href="/python3/python3-os-pardir.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">os.pardir()</a></p><br>获取当前目录的父目录，以字符串形式显示目录名。</td></tr>
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<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-18504"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> Stack Overflow</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 530***193@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-18504" data-commid="18504" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">49</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-18504"><pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> os
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">path
</span><span class="str">"""获取指定目录及其子目录下的 py 文件路径说明：l 用于存储找到的 py 文件路径 get_py 函数，递归查找并存储 py 文件路径于 l"""</span><span class="pln">
l </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">def</span><span class="pln"> get_py</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">l</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
fileList </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">listdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#获取path目录下所有文件</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> filename </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> fileList</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
pathTmp </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">join</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">filename</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#获取path与filename组合后的路径</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">isdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pathTmp</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#如果是目录</span><span class="pln">
get_py</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pathTmp</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">l</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#则递归查找</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> filename</span><span class="pun">[-</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">:].</span><span class="pln">upper</span><span class="pun">()==</span><span class="str">'.PY'</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#不是目录,则比较后缀名</span><span class="pln">
l</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">append</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pathTmp</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
path </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请输入路径:'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="pln">strip</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
get_py</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">l</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'在%s目录及其子目录下找到%d个py文件 分别为： '</span><span class="pun">%(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">len</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">l</span><span class="pun">)))</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> filepath </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> l</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">filepath</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="str">' '</span><span class="pun">)</span></pre>
<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Stack Overflow</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> Stack Overflow</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 530***193@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2017-10-08)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-18713"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> RyenToretto</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 951***321@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://bbs.fishc.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=45649&extra=page%3D1%26filter%3Dtypeid%26typeid%3D398"> 参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-18713" data-commid="18713" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">21</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-18713"><p>显示所有视频格式文件，mp4，avi，rmvb</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> os
</span><span class="kwd">def</span><span class="pln"> search_file</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">start_dir</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> target</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">chdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">start_dir</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> each_file </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">listdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">curdir</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
ext </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">splitext</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">each_file</span><span class="pun">)[</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> ext </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> target </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
vedio_list</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">append</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getcwd</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sep </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> each_file </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">linesep</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">isdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">each_file</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
search_file</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">each_file</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> target</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com"># 递归调用</span><span class="pln">
os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">chdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">pardir</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com"># 递归调用后切记返回上一层目录</span><span class="pln">
start_dir </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请输入待查找的初始目录：'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
program_dir </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getcwd</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
target </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'.mp4'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'.avi'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'.rmvb'</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
vedio_list </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln">
search_file</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">start_dir</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> target</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
f </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> open</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">program_dir </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sep </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'vedioList.txt'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'w'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
f</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">writelines</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">vedio_list</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
f</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">close</span><span class="pun">()</span></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">RyenToretto</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> RyenToretto</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 951***321@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://bbs.fishc.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=45649&extra=page%3D1%26filter%3Dtypeid%26typeid%3D398"> 参考地址</a></p></div></span>5年前 (2017-10-12)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-27030"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> 极简XksA</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 820***471@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/jmlovepython/p/5670207.html"> 参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-27030" data-commid="27030" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">48</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-27030"><p data-title="Python 批量修改文件名"><strong>批量修改文件名</strong></p>
<p>python 对文件进行批量改名用到的是 os 模块中的 listdir 方法和 rename 方法。</p>
<ul><li><i style="font-size:12px;color:#cfcfcf;padding-right: 4px;" class="fa fa-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
os.listdir(dir) : 获取指定目录下的所有子目录和文件名
</li><li><i style="font-size:12px;color:#cfcfcf;padding-right: 4px;" class="fa fa-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
os.rename(原文件名，新文件名） : 对文件或目录改名</li></ul>
<p>把混乱的文件名改成有序的文件名:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> os
path</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请输入文件路径(结尾加上/)：'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#获取该目录下所有文件，存入列表中</span><span class="pln">
fileList</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">listdir</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
n</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> fileist</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#设置旧文件名（就是路径+文件名）</span><span class="pln">
oldname</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sep </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> fileList</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com"># os.sep添加系统分隔符</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#设置新文件名</span><span class="pln">
newname</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">path </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sep </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="str">'a'</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln">str</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">)+</span><span class="str">'.JPG'</span><span class="pln">
os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">rename</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">oldname</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">newname</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#用os模块中的rename方法对文件改名</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">oldname</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'======>'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">newname</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
n</span><span class="pun">+=</span><span class="lit">1</span></pre>
<p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1525679768-2511-20160714134948076-1546400188.png"></p>
<p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1525679768-1869-20160714135009014-1151240708.png"></p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="/note/27030">极简XksA</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> 极简XksA</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> 820***471@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/jmlovepython/p/5670207.html"> 参考地址</a></p></div></span>4年前 (2018-05-07)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-44339"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> 风逝</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> fen***ichenyao@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42263843/article/details/88048234"> 参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-44339" data-commid="44339" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">24</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-44339"><p data-title="Python os.replace 函数"><span class="marked">os.replace(old, new)</span> 将文件重命名。</p>
首先创建两个文件：
<ul><li><i style="font-size:12px;color:#cfcfcf;padding-right: 4px;" class="fa fa-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
1.txt 内容是1
</li><li><i style="font-size:12px;color:#cfcfcf;padding-right: 4px;" class="fa fa-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
2.txt 内容是2
</li></ul>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> OS
os</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">replace</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'1.txt'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'2.txt'</span><span class="pun">)</span></pre>
<p>执行后发现只剩下一个：2.txt，但内容是 1。</p>
<p>所以 os.replace(file1,file2) 这个函数相当于用 file2 给 file1 重命名，并删除 file2。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="/note/44339">风逝</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> 风逝</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> fen***ichenyao@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42263843/article/details/88048234"> 参考地址</a></p></div></span>3年前 (2019-07-07)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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$(this).children(".tooltip").css({ "opacity": 1, "pointer-events": "auto"});
},function(){
$(this).children(".tooltip").removeAttr("style");
});
/*
$(".wrapper i").hover(function(){
$(this).siblings(".tooltip").css({ "opacity": 1, "pointer-events": "auto"});
},function(){
$(this).siblings(".tooltip").css({ "opacity": 0, "pointer-events": "auto"});
});
*/
//Upvote.create('runoobvote-id', {callback: vote_callback});
var ajaxurl = 'https://www.runoob.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';
var callback = function(data) {
//console.log($('#runoobvote-id').upvote('upvoted'));
//console.log($('#runoobvote-id').upvote('downvoted'));
//console.log(data);
_vote_action = data.action;
id_arr = data.id.split('-');
um_id= id_arr[2];
//console.log(um_id);
var re = /^[1-9]+/;
if (re.test(um_id)) {
var ajax_data = {
_vote_action: _vote_action,
action: "pinglun_zan",
um_id: um_id,
um_action: "ding"
};
//console.log(ajax_data);
$.post(ajaxurl,ajax_data,function(status){
//if(status.vote_num>999) {
// _voteHtml = '<span style="display: block; text-align: center;font-size: 20px; color: #6a737c; margin: 8px 0;">'+kFormatter(status.vote_num) +'</span>';
// $("#runoobvote-id-" + um_id + " .count").hide().after(_voteHtml);
//}
});
}
};
if($('#comments').length && $('.upvotejs').length){
$('.upvotejs').upvote({id: 15463, callback: callback});
$.post(ajaxurl,{"action":"pinglun_zan","postid":15463},function(data){
$(data).each(function(key,value) {
$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .upvote").addClass(value.upvotejs_class);
$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .downvote").addClass(value.downvote_class);
$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .count").text(value.upvote_count);
})
},'json');
}
});
function isBlank(str) {
return (!str || /^s*$/.test(str));
}
function kFormatter(num) {
// return num;
return Math.abs(num) > 999 ? Math.sign(num)*((Math.abs(num)/1000).toFixed(1)) + 'k' : Math.sign(num)*Math.abs(num)
}
</script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.runoob.com/assets/simditor/2.3.6/scripts/uploader.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/simditor/2.3.6/lib/simditor.min.js"></script>
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href="//www.runoob.com/asp/asp-tutorial.html">ASP 教程</a></li><li><a title="AppML 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/appml/appml-tutorial.html">AppML 教程</a></li><li><a title="VBScript 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/vbscript/vbscript-tutorial.html">VBScript 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> 数据库</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="SQL 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/sql/sql-tutorial.html">SQL 教程</a></li><li><a title="MySQL 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-tutorial.html">MySQL 教程</a></li><li><a title="PostgreSQL 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial.html">PostgreSQL 教程</a></li><li><a title="SQLite 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-tutorial.html">SQLite 教程</a></li><li><a title="MongoDB 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-tutorial.html">MongoDB 教程</a></li><li><a title="Redis 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/redis/redis-tutorial.html">Redis 教程</a></li><li><a title="Memcached 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/Memcached/Memcached-tutorial.html">Memcached 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> 数据分析</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="Python 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/python3/python3-tutorial.html">Python 教程</a></li><li><a title="NumPy 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/numpy/numpy-tutorial.html">NumPy 教程</a></li><li><a title="Pandas 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/pandas/pandas-tutorial.html">Pandas 教程</a></li><li><a title="Matplotlib 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/matplotlib/matplotlib-tutorial.html">Matplotlib 教程</a></li><li><a title="Scipy 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/scipy/scipy-tutorial.html">Scipy 教程</a></li><li><a title="R 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/r/r-tutorial.html">R 教程</a></li><li><a title="Julia 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/julia/julia-tutorial.html">Julia 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> 移动端</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="Android 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/w3cnote/android-tutorial-intro.html">Android 教程</a></li><li><a title="Swift 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/swift/swift-tutorial.html">Swift 教程</a></li><li><a title="jQuery Mobile 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/jquerymobile/jquerymobile-tutorial.html">jQuery Mobile 教程</a></li><li><a title="ionic 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/ionic/ionic-tutorial.html">ionic 教程</a></li><li><a title="Kotlin 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/kotlin/kotlin-tutorial.html">Kotlin 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> XML 教程</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="XML 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xml/xml-tutorial.html">XML 教程</a></li><li><a title="DTD 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/dtd/dtd-tutorial.html">DTD 教程</a></li><li><a title="XML DOM 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/dom/dom-tutorial.html">XML DOM 教程</a></li><li><a title="XSLT 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xsl/xsl-tutorial.html">XSLT 教程</a></li><li><a title="XPath 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xpath/xpath-tutorial.html">XPath 教程</a></li><li><a title="XQuery 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xquery/xquery-tutorial.html">XQuery 教程</a></li><li><a title="XLink 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xlink/xlink-tutorial.html">XLink 教程</a></li><li><a title="XPointer 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xlink/xlink-tutorial.html">XPointer 教程</a></li><li><a title="XML Schema 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/schema/schema-tutorial.html">XML Schema 教程</a></li><li><a title="XSL-FO 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/xslfo/xslfo-tutorial.html">XSL-FO 教程</a></li><li><a title="SVG 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/svg/svg-tutorial.html">SVG 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> ASP.NET</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="ASP.NET 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/aspnet/aspnet-tutorial.html">ASP.NET 教程</a></li><li><a title="C# 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/csharp/csharp-tutorial.html">C# 教程</a></li><li><a title="Web Pages 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/aspnet/webpages-intro.html">Web Pages 教程</a></li><li><a title="Razor 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/aspnet/razor-intro.html">Razor 教程</a></li><li><a title="MVC 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/aspnet/mvc-intro.html">MVC 教程</a></li><li><a title="Web Forms 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/aspnet/aspnet-intro.html">Web Forms 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> Web Service</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="Web Service 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/webservices/webservices-tutorial.html">Web Service 教程</a></li><li><a title="WSDL 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/wsdl/wsdl-tutorial.html">WSDL 教程</a></li><li><a title="SOAP 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/soap/soap-tutorial.html">SOAP 教程</a></li><li><a title="RSS 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/rss/rss-tutorial.html">RSS 教程</a></li><li><a title="RDF 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/rdf/rdf-tutorial.html">RDF 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> 开发工具</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="Eclipse 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/eclipse/eclipse-tutorial.html">Eclipse 教程</a></li><li><a title="Git 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/git/git-tutorial.html">Git 教程</a></li><li><a title="Svn 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/svn/svn-tutorial.html">Svn 教程</a></li><li><a title="Markdown 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/markdown/md-tutorial.html">Markdown 教程</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tit"> 网站建设</a><ul class="double-li"><li><a title="HTTP 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/http/http-tutorial.html">HTTP 教程</a></li><li><a title="网站建设指南" href="//www.runoob.com/web/web-buildingprimer.html">网站建设指南</a></li><li><a title="浏览器信息" href="//www.runoob.com/browsers/browser-information.html">浏览器信息</a></li><li><a title="网站主机教程" href="//www.runoob.com/hosting/hosting-tutorial.html">网站主机教程</a></li><li><a title="TCP/IP 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/tcpip/tcpip-tutorial.html">TCP/IP 教程</a></li><li><a title="W3C 教程" href="//www.runoob.com/w3c/w3c-tutorial.html">W3C 教程</a></li><li><a title="网站品质" href="//www.runoob.com/quality/quality-tutorial.html">网站品质</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div>
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